ROMAN ART
Fig. 8-1. Portrait Bust of a Man (The Pugilist) Portrait head. Marble. Early Imperial, Julio-Claudian period. Mid-1st century A.D. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 8-2. Timeline showing ancient Roman culture relative to Greek and Neo-Assyrian cultures
Image: Wikipedia. {CC BY-SA 4.0)
Fig. 8-3. Map of Magna Graecia: Greek colonies of Italy c. 8th - 5th century B.C.
Image: Future Perfect at Sunrise / English Wikipedia. {CC PD-self}
Fig. 8-4. Map of the Roman Republic c. 44 B.C.
Image: Roger Cooper. {CC BY-SA}
Fig. 8-5. Map of the Roman Empire in 116 A.D.
Image: ColdEel. {CC PD-self}
Fig. 8-6. Apotheosis of Antoninus Pius and Faustine Relief on base of column of Antoninus Pius, Rome. Marble relief. Roman Imperial period. c. 161 A.D. Vatican Museums. Vatican City, Italy.
Image: Lalupa. Edited by WolfgangRieger. {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 8-7. Sarcophagus of the Spouses Sculpture group on sarcophagus cover from Cerveteri necropolis, Italy. Terracotta. Etruscan culture. c. 520 B.C. National Etruscan Museum. Rome, Italy.
Image: Gerard M (at Dutch Wikipedia). {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 8-8. Boy riding centaur Side A of black-figure amphora (storage jar). Painted and fired ceramic. After the Micali Painter. Etruscan culture. c. 500 - 480 B.C. British Museum. London, England.
Image: Fae. {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 8-9. Musician Detail of mural in the Tomb of the Triclinium (dining table). Tarquinia necropolis, Lazio, Italy. Fresco. Etruscan culture. c. 470 B.C. National Etruscan Museum of Tarquinia, Italy.
Image: Zenodot Verlagsgesellschaft mbH. {CC PD-Art-YorckProject}
Fig. 8-10. Banquet scene Mural in the Tomb of the Leopards. Tarquinia necropolis, Lazio, Italy. Fresco. Etruscan culture. c. 480 - 450 B.C. In situ.
Image: AlMare. {CC PD-self}
Fig. 8-11. Apollo of Veii Akroterion (roof-top statue) from Veii, Italy. Painted terracotta. Etruscan culture. c. 510 - 500 B.C. National Etruscan Museum. Rome, Italy.
Image: Sailko. {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 8-12. Mars of Todi Statue from Todi, Etruria, Italy. Cast bronze. Etruscan culture. c. 5th - 4th century B.C. Gregorian Etruscan Museum. Vatican Museums. Vatican City, Italy.
Image: Jean-Pol GRANDMONT. {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 8-13. Argonauts Modern drawing of engraving on the bronze Ficoroni Cista (a storage container) of c. 4th century B.C. Cista: Found at Praeneste, Italy. Signed by Novios Plutios of Rome.
Museum of Villa Giulia. Rome, Italy. Drawing: 1904. Nordisk familjebok.
Image: Väsk / Swedish Wikipedia. {CC PD-Ugglan}
Fig. 8-14. Reclining figure Detail of engraving on the Ficoroni Cista. c. 340 – 330 B.C. Found at Praeneste, Italy. Signed by Novios Plutios of Rome. Museum of Villa Giulia. Rome, Italy.
Image: Sailko. {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 8-15. Nude male Relief panel. Stucco. Early Imperial period. c. 2nd half of 1st century A.D. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 8-16. Female figure Relief panel. Stucco. Early Imperial period. c. 2nd half of 1st century A.D. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 8-17. Hercules and the Cretan Bull “Campana plaque” roofing tile from Quadraro, Italy. Terracotta. Late Republican period. c. Early 1st century A.D. Vatican Museums. Vatican City, Italy.
Image: Jean-Pol GRANDMONT. {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 8-18. Dancing Warriors Relief panel. Marble. Late Republican period. 1st half of the 1st century B.C. After an Attic relief of the 2nd half of the 4th century B.C. Vatican Museums. Vatican City, Italy.
Image: Sergey Sosnovskiy. {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 8-19. Winged Nike Detail of mural from Boscoreale, Italy. Fresco on black ground. Roman culture. Early Empire period. c. 50 - 79 A.D. Getty Villa. Pacific Palisades, California.
Image: The J. Paul Getty Museum. Open Content Program.
Fig. 8-20. Neptune and Amphitrite Wall mosaic from House of Neptune & Amphitrite, Herculaneum, Italy. Roman culture. 1st century A.D. before 79 A.D. In situ.
Image: Dave & Margie Hill / Kleerup. {CC BY-SA 2.0}
Fig. 8-21. Three Graces Back of gilded mirror. Relief. Bronze with gold. Roman culture. Mid-Imperial period. c. Mid-2nd century A.D. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 8-22. Hadrian's villa Roman copies in marble of Greek caryatids of the Erechtheion, Athens of the 5th century B.C. Villa: Tivoli, Lazio, Italy. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 117 - 138 A.D. In situ.
Image: Patrick Denker. {CC BY 2.0}
Fig. 8-23. Clio Detail of mural from Moregine, Italy. Fresco. Roman culture. Early Imperial period. Before 79 A.D. Palestra Grande. Pompeii, Italy.
Image: Haarkon. {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 8-24. Fayum mummy portrait Portrait painting from Fayum, Hawara, Middle Egypt. Encaustic on limewood panel. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 80 - 100 A.D.
Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 8-25. Noah leaving the ark Detail of mural in catacombs of Saints Marcellinus and Peter. Rome, Italy. Fresco. Roman culture. Late Imperial period. c. 3rd century A.D. In situ.
Image: Shakko. {CC-PD-Mark} {PD-US}
Fig. 8-26. Perseus and Andromeda Detail of mural from Casa della Saffo, Pompeii, Italy. Fresco. Early Empire period. 1st century A.D. Naples National Archaeological Museum. Naples, Italy.
Image: Jastrow. {CC PD-Mark}
Fig. 8-27. Gazelle drinking Mural fragment from the library of Gaius Asinius Pollio. Rome, Italy. Fresco. c. 38 B.C. Musée d'Art et d'Histoire. Geneva, Switzerland.
Image: Codex. {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 8-28. Villa Poppaea fresco Mural on the east wall of the Triclinium in the Villa Poppaea, Opontis, Italy. Roman culture. Republican period. c. 90 - 25 B.C. In situ.
Image: Amadalvarez. {CC SA 3.0)
Fig. 8-29. Cubiculum fresco Detail of mural from cubiculum (bedroom) in Villa of P. Fannius Synistor, Boscoreale, Italy. Fresco. Roman culture. Republican period. c. 50 - 40 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 8-30. Leda & the Swan Detail of floor mosaic emblema from Paleapaphos, Cyprus. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. Late 2nd- 3rdcentury A.D. Palaepaphos Museum. Kouklia, Cyprus.
Image: Carole Raddato. {CC BY-SA 2.0}
Fig. 8-31. Execution scenes Detail of Zliten floor mosaic. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 1st- 2nd century A.D. Archaeological Museum of Tripoli. Tripoli, Libya.
Image: Tetraktys. {CC PD-M} {PD-US}
Fig. 8-32. Hermes Relief panel with archaistic Hermes. Marble. Greco-Roman culture. Early Imperial period. c. 27 - 68 A.D. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 8-33. Antinous as Osiris Statue from Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli, Italy. Marble. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 131 - 138 A.D. Vatican Museums. Vatican City, Italy.
Image: CaptMondo. {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 8-34. Marine procession Frieze on the Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus (a statue base). From Rome, Italy. Marble relief. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. Late 2nd century B.C. Louvre. Paris, France.
Image: Bibi Saint-Pol. {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 8-35. Census scene Frieze on the Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus (a statue base). From Rome, Italy. Marble relief. Greco-Roman culture. Republican period. c. Late 2nd century B.C. Louvre. Paris, France.
Image: Jastrow. Edited by Tetraktys. {CC PD-self}
Fig. 8-36. Season sarcophagus Detail of side of sarcophagus from Rome. Marble relief. Roman culture. Imperial period c. 250 A.D. Collection of Dr. Zdeněk Macek. Prague, Czech Republic (assumed).
Image: Zde. {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 8-37. Soldiers passing through an arch Detail of relief on the Column of Marcus Aurelius, Rome. Marble. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 180 A.D. (before 193 A.D.) Piazza Colanna, Rome, Italy.
Image: Barosaurus Lentus / Finnish Wikipedia. {CC BY 3.0)
Fig. 8-38. Capitoline Brutus Portrait head. Cast bronze. Greco-Roman culture. Republican period. c. 3rd - 1st centuries B.C. Capitoline Museum. Rome, Italy.
Image: © José Luiz Bernardes Ribeiro. {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 8-39. Ara Pacis Augustae Altar from Rome, Italy. Marble relief. Roman culture. Early Imperial period. c. 13 - 9 B.C. Museum of the Ara Pacis. Rome, Italy.
Image: teldridge+keldridge. {CC BY 2.0}
Fig. 8-40. Imperial procession Frieze on south face of the Ara Pacis Augustae. Marble relief. Roman culture. Early Imperial period. c. 13 - 9 B.C. Museum of the Ara Pacis. Rome, Italy.
Image: Sailko. {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 8-41. Triumph of Titus North frieze from passage of the Arch of Titus, Rome. Marble relief. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 81 A.D. In situ.
Image: Sailko. {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 8-42. Ferculum with the Menorah of Jerusalem Replica of south frieze from passage of the Arch of Titus, Rome. Original: Carved marble relief. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 81 A.D. In situ.
Replica: Beth Hatefutsoth Museum. Tel Aviv, Israel.
Image: Steerpike. {CC BY 3.0}
Fig. 8-43. Emperor Trajan Statue. Copy of original. Roman culture. Imperial period. 2nd century A.D. Copy: Marble. Archaeological Park, Xanten. Germany.
Image: Lutz Langer. {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 8-44. Emperor Gallus Statue. Cast bronze. Roman culture. Late Imperial period. c. 251 - 253 A.D. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 8-45. Tivoli General Statue from Tivoli, Italy. Marble. Greco-Roman culture. Republican period. c. 75 - 50 B.C. Roman National Museum. Rome, Italy.
Image: Amphipolis. {CC BY-SA 2.0}
Fig. 8-46. Commodus as Hercules Portrait bust. Marble. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 191 - 192 A.D. Capitoline Museums. Rome, Italy.
Image: Jastrow. {CC PD-self}
Fig. 8-47. Noblewoman as Venus Statue. Marble. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 98–117 A.D. Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Copenhagen, Denmark.
Image: Sergey Sosnovskiy. {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 8-48. Portrait of a man Portrait head. Marble. Roman culture. Early Imperial period. c. Mid-1st century A.D. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 8-49. Portrait of a man Portrait head. Marble. Roman culture. Late Republican period. c. 40 B.C. Walters Art Museum. Baltimore, Maryland.
Image: The Walters Art Museum. {CC0 1.0)
Fig. 8-50. Philip the Arab Portrait bust. Marble. Roman culture. Late Imperial period. c. 244 - 249 A.D. Vatican Museums. Vatican City, Rome.
Image: Sailko. {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 8-51. Portrait of a man Portrait head from a funerary relief sculpture. Marble. Roman culture. Early Imperial period. c. Late 1st century B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 8-52. Portrait of a lady Portrait head from Rome. Marble and onyx. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 200 A.D. Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Copenhagen, Denmark.
Image: Carole Raddato. {CC BY-SA 2.0}
Fig. 8-53. Portrait head of a woman Portrait head. Marble. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. Early 3rd century A.D. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 8-54. Plotinus Portrait head. Marble. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 260 - 270 A.D. Ostia Antica Museum. Rome, Italy.
Image: Sailko. {CC BY 3.0)
Fig. 8-55. Marciana Portrait head of emperor Trajan's sister. Marble. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 130 - 138 A.D. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 8-56. Caracalla Portrait head of emperor. Marble. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 212 - 217 A.D. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 8-57. Matidia Portrait head of emperor Trajan’s niece (assumed). Marble. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 117 – 138 A.D. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 8-58. Head of a bearded man Portrait head. Marble. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 200 - 225 A.D. Getty Villa. Pacific Palisades, California.
Image: The J. Paul Getty Museum. Open Content Program.
Fig. 8-59. Carinus Portrait head of emperor Carinus. Marble. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 257 - 285 A.D. Centrale Montemartini. Rome, Italy.
Image: Lalupa. {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 8-60. Emperor Maximinus II Copy of portrait bust from Athribis. Copy: cast plaster (assumed). Original: Porphyry. Roman culture. Late Imperial period. Early 4thcentury A.D. Museum of Cairo. Cairo, Egypt.
Copy: Pushkin Museum. Moscow, Russia.
Image: Shakko. {CC BY 3.0)
Fig. 8-61. Fragments of Constantine colossus Fragment of statue. Marble. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 307 - 312 A.D. Palazzo dei Conservatori - Musei Capitolini. Rome, Italy.
Image: Tim Adams. {CC BY 3.0)
Fig. 8-62. Fayum portrait Portrait painting on mummy from Fayum necropolis, Middle Egypt. Encaustic on panel. Roman culture. Late Imperial period. c. 4thcentury A.D. National Archeological Museum. Florence, Italy.
Image: Sailko. {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 8-63. Arch of Trajan Triumphal arch. Limestone clad in marble relief panels. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 114 - 117 A.D. Benevento, Italy. In situ.
Image: Decan. {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 8-64. Trajan's Column Triumphal column. Marble relief, continuous frieze. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 107 - 113 A.D. Trajan’s Forum, Rome, Italy. In situ.
Image: Cezar Suceveanu. {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 8-65. Section of Trajan's Column Detail of triumphal column. Marble relief, continuous frieze. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 107 - 113 A.D. Trajan’s Forum, Rome, Italy. In situ.
Image: Carole Raddato. {CC BY-SA 2.0}
Fig. 8-66. Legion crossing a river Detail from the frieze on Trajan's Column. Marble relief, continuous frieze. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 107 - 113 A.D. Trajan’s Forum, Rome, Italy. In situ.
Image: Rabax63. {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 8-67. The miracle of the rain Detail of the frieze on the Column of Marcus Aurelius. Continuous frieze in relief. Marble. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 176-193 A.D. Piazza Colonna, Rome, Italy. In situ.
Image: Christiano64. {CC BY-SA 3.0}
Fig. 8-68. Parthian War panel Detail of relief panel on the Arch of Septimius Severus. Marble. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 195 - 203 A.D. Roman Forum. Rome. Italy. In situ.
Image: Radomil. {CC BY-SA 3.0}
Fig. 8-69. Portonaccio sarcophagus Side A of sarcophagus. Marble relief. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 190 - 200 A.D. Palazzo Massimoalle Terme, Museo Nazionale Romano. Rome, Italy.
Image: Folegandros. {CC BY-SA 3.0}
Fig. 8-70. Ludovisi Battle sarcophagus Side A of sarcophagus. Marble relief. Roman culture. Late Imperial period. c. 251 - 252 A.D. Palazzo Altemps, Museo Nazionale Romano. Rome, Italy.
Image: Jastrow. {CC PD-self}
Fig. 8-71. Largitio frieze Largitio scene on the north side of the Arch of Constantine. Marble relief. Roman culture. Late Imperial period. c. 312 - 315 A.D. Rome, Italy. In situ.
Image: David Castor. {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 8-72. Forum frieze Oratio scene on the east side of the Arch of Constantine. Marble relief. Roman culture. Late Imperial period. c. 312 - 315 A.D. Rome, Italy. In situ.
Image: David Castor. {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 8-73. Theodosius I holding a laurel East face of the base of the obelisk of Theodosius I. Limestone relief. Roman culture. Late Imperial period. c. 378 - 395 A.D. Hippodrome of Constantinople. Istanbul, Turkey. In situ.
Image: © Jose Mario Pires. {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 8-74. Theodosius I holds court North face of the base of the obelisk of Theodosius I. Limestone relief. Roman culture. Late Imperial period. c. 378 - 395 A.D. Hippodrome of Constantinople. Istanbul, Turkey. In situ.
Image: Ian Scott. {CC BY-SA 2.0}
Fig. 8-75. Enthroned Christ Center, upper register on front face of the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus. Marble high relief. Early Christian culture. Late Imperial period. c. 359 A.D.
Museum of St. Peter’s Basilica. Vatican City, Italy.
Image: Sailko. {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 8-76. Three Good Shepherds sarcophagus Front face of the Three Good Shepherds sarcophagus. Marble high relief. Christian culture. Late Imperial period. c. Late 4th century A.D.
Vatican Museums. Vatican City, Italy.
Image: Allan T. Kohl. {CC BY 2.0}
Fig. 8-77. Miracle loaves and fishes Fragment of frieze. Limestone high relief. Bawit, Middle Egypt. Christian culture. c. 6th-7th century A.D. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 8-78. Emperor Honorius Diptych leaf from Consular Diptych of Probus. Ivory relief. Roman culture. Late Imperial period. c. 406 A.D. Treasury Museum of the Cathedral of Aosta. Aosta, Italy.
Image: Marsyas. (CC PD-Mark) (PD-US)
Fig. 8-79. Anastasius Diptych leaf from Consular Diptych of Anastasius. Ivory relief. Roman culture. Late Imperial period (East). 517 A.D. Cabinet des Médailles, National Library of France. Paris, France.
Image: Marsyas. (CC PD-Mark) (PD-US)
Fig. 8-80. Christ & the apostles Front face of the City Gates sarcophagus. Marble high relief. Christian culture. Late Imperial period. c. Late 4th century A.D. Louvre. Paris, France.
Image: Sailko. {CC BY 3.0)
Fig. 8-81. Sacrifice of Isaac Modern cast copy of scene from the Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus. Original: Marble high relief. Early Christian culture. Late Imperial period. c. 359 A.D. Cast: Vatican Museums. Vatican City, Italy.
Image: Jastrow. {CC PD-self}
Fig. 8-82. Adam and Eve Detail of modern cast copy of Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus. Original: Marble high relief. Early Christian culture. Late Imperial period. c. 359 A.D. Cast: Museum of Roman Civilization. Rome, Italy.
Image: Giovanni Dall'Orto. {CC Attribution}
Fig. 8-83. Fishing scene Detail of floor mosaic in the Basilica at Aquileia, Italy. Roman culture. Late Imperial period. Early 4th century A.D. In situ.
Image: Sailko. {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 8-84. Hunters Detail ofThe Great Hunt floor mosaic in the Villa Romana del Casale, Piazza Armerina, Sicily, Italy. Roman culture. Late Imperial period. c. Early 4th century A.D. In situ.
Image: Robur.q. {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 8-85. The Good Shepherd Detail of floor mosaic in the Basilica at Aquileia, Italy. Roman culture. Late Imperial period. Early 4th century A.D. In situ.
Image: Sailko. {CC BY-SA 3.0}
Fig. 8-86. Theotecnos, Nonnosa, and Hilaritas praying Mural in the Catacombs of St. Gennaro. Naples, Italy. Fresco. Christian culture. Late Imperial period. c. 5th century A.D. In situ.
Image: Almare. {CC BY-SA 2.5}
Fig. 8-87. Medical Class Mural in the Catacomb of Via Latina, Rome, Italy. Fresco. Roman culture. Late Imperial period. c. 4th century A.D. In situ.
Image: rokorumora. {CC BY 2.0}
Fig. 8-88. Orant figure Detail of mural in the Catacombs of Priscilla, Rome, Italy. Fresco. Christian culture. Late Imperial period. c. 2nd – 4th century A.D. In situ.
Image: Kristicak. {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 8-89. The Good shepherd Detail of mural in the Catacombs of St. Callixtus, Callisto Cemetary, Rome, Italy. Fresco. Christian culture. Imperial period. After 150 A.D. In situ.
Image: Leinad-Z / commonswiki. {CC PD-M} {PD-US}
Fig. 8-90. Christ & the Apostles Alcove mural in Catacombs of Domitilla, Rome, Italy. Fresco. Christian culture. Late Imperial period. c. 360 A.D. In situ.
Image: Dnalor 01. {CC BY-SA 3.0}
Fig. 8-91. Theodosius II Portrait head. Marble. Roman culture. Late Imperial period. c. 408-450 A.D. Louvre. Paris, France.
Image: Jastrow. © Marie-Lan Nguyen / Wikimedia Commons. {CC BY 2.5}
WINDOWS ON HUMANITY - RECAP
Fig. 2-55. Fertility Goddess From Ҫatalhöyük. Baked clay (restored). c. 6000 - 5500 B.C. Museum of Anatolian Civilizations. Ankara, Turkey.
Image: Nevit Dilmen. {CC BY-SA 3.0}
Fig. 3-1. Guardian spirits From ancient city of Nineveh, Iraq. Relief. Alabaster. Neo-Assyran culture. c. 645 - 635 B.C. British Museum. London, England.
Image: Sanyar Alimov (maxergon.com). {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 3-45. Hero overpowering a lion Colossal relief sculpture from central passageway, palace of Sargon II, ancient Dur-Sharrukin, Khorsabad, Iraq. Carved alabaster. Neo-Assyrian culture. c. 721 - 705 B.C. Louvre. Paris, France.
Image: Jastrow. {CC PD-self}
Fig. 4-20. The Avenue of the Sphinxes Ram-headed and human-headed guardian figures. Processional Road, Luxor and Karnak, Upper Egypt. Sandstone. Dynasty 30. c. 380 - 363 B.C. In situ.
Image: Abumalek ahmed mohamed. {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 1-8. Youth with horse and dog Roman copy in marble of Greek relief. From the Villa Adriana. c. 125 A.D. British Museum. London, England.
Image: Jastrow. © Marie-Lan Nguyen / Wikimedia Commons. {CC BY 2.5}
Fig. 8-60. Head of a bearded man Portrait head. Marble. Roman culture. Imperial period. c. 200 - 225 A.D. Getty Villa. Pacific Palisades, California.
Image: The J. Paul Getty Museum. Open Content Program.
