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THE PRE-GREEK ARTS OF THE AEGEAN

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THE ARCHAIC PERIOD OF GREEK ART​

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Footnote 3.   Lord of the Wild Beasts   Stamp seal from Kydonia (Crete). Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, England.
Footnote 5.   Royal Hero Between Lion   Chalcedony cylinder-seal. Greco-Persian. c. 525-475 B.C. Getty Villa, 81.AN.76.85. Pacific Palisades, California.
Footnote 10.   "Greek Vase Painters & Potters"   Trustees of the British Museum. August 2, 2011.
Footnote 13.   Natural History   Pliny the Elder. Book 35, Chapter 34 "The Age of Painting." John Bostock & H.T.  Riley translation. Perseus Digital Library. Tufts University. Massachusetts.
Fig. 5-1.     Kouros torso fragment  Sculpture fragment from Delphi, Greece. Stone. Early Archaic period. Delphi Archaeological Museum. Delphi, Greece.
Image:    Tetraktys. 
Ricardo André Frantz.    {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 5-2.     Map of Greek cities & colonies in the Archaic period
Image:   Regalorium.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-3.    Timeline showing ancient Greek cultures relative to Neo-Assyrian culture
Image:   Wikipedia.    {CC BY-SA 4.0)
Fig. 5-4.     Female figure   Figurine. Marble. Early Cycladic culture. c. 3200 - 2700 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-5.     Female figure   Figurine from Amorgos, Greece. Marble. Cycladic culture. c. 2500 B.C. National Archaeological Museum. Athens, Greece.
Image:   Zde.   {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 5-6.     Seated harp player   Figurine. Marble. Cycladic culture. c. 2800 - 2700 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-7.    Ladies in Blue   Fragmentary mural, restored. Original: From ancient city of Knossos, Crete. Minoan culture. c. 1525 - 1450 B.C. Herakleion Archaeological Museum. Herakleion, Crete, Greece.
Image:   Olaf Tausch.    {CC BY 3.0}
Fig. 5-8.    Flotilla Fresco   Mural from Room 5, West House, at ancient settlement of Akrotiri, Thera, Greece. Fresco on plaster. Minoan culture. c. 1650 B.C. National Archaeological Museum. Athens, Greece.
Image:   smial.     {CC-PD-Mark} {PD-US}
Fig. 5-9.   La Parisienne    Fragmentary mural, restored, from ancient city of Knossos, Crete. Fresco on plaster. Minoan culture. c. 1450 - 1300 B.C. Heraklion Archaeological Museum. Heraklion, Crete, Greece. 
Image:   Zde.    {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 5-10.     Prince of the Lilies    Fragmentary mural, restored. From ancient city of Knossos, Crete. Fresco on plaster. Minoan culture. c. 1550 B.C. Heraklion Archaeological Museum. Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Image:   Stefan Bellini.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-11.  Bull-leaping fresco   Fragmentary mural, restored. From ancient city of Knossos, Fresco on stucco. Minoan culture. c. 1450 -1400 B.C. Heraklion Archaeological Museum. Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
​Image:   Jebulon.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-12.  Dolphins fresco   Fragmentary mural, restored. From ancient city of Knossos, Crete. Fresco on plaster. Minoan culture. c. 1700 - 1450 B.C.  Heraklion Archaeological Museum. Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Image:   Armagnac-commons.    {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 5-13.   Man and Bull   Gold seal on ring from Archanes, Crete. Intaglio relief. Gold. Minoan culture. c. 1450 - 1375 B.C. Ashmolean Museum. Oxford, England.
Image:   Zde.    {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 5-14.   Acrobat and Bull   Figurine from Rethymno, Crete. Solid cast bronze. Minoan culture. c. 1600 - 1450 B.C. British Museum. London, England. 
Image:   Carole Raddato.    {CC BY-SA 2.0}
Fig. 5-15.   Bull-leaper   Figurine from ancient city of Knossos, Crete. Ivory. Minoan culture. c. 1600 - 1500 B.C. Heraklion Archaeological Museum. Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Image:   Moroder. Wolfgang Moroder.    {CC BY 3.0}
Fig. 5-16.   Bull's head   Rhyton (ceremonial drinking vessel) from ancient city of Knossos, Crete. Steatite (restored horns). Minoan culture. c. 1550 - 1450 B.C. Heraklion Archaeological Museum. Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Image:   Jeburon.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-17.   Warrior Vase   Krater (wine mixing bowl) from Mycenae acropolis, Greece. Painted clay. Mycenaean culture. 12th century B.C. National Archaeological Museum. Athens, Greece.
​Image:  
Sharon Mollerus.    {CC BY 2.0}
Fig. 5-18.   Two women and child   Sculpture from ancient city of Mycenaea, Greece. Ivory. Mycenaean culture. c. 1500 - 1400 B.C. National Archaeological Museum. Athens, Greece.
​Image:  Zde.    {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 5-19.   Lion head   Rhyton from Mycenaea. Hammered gold sheet. Mycenaean culture. c. 1550 B.C. National Archaeological Museum. Athens, Greece.
Image:   Zde.   {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 5-20.   Hero and Lion   Cushion-seal from Grave circle A, Shaft Grave III, palace at Mycenaea, Greece. Gold relief. Mycenaean culture. 16th century B.C. National Archaeological Museum. Athens, Greece.
Image:   Alexikoua.    {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 5-21.    Lion Gate   Carved slab atop gate at citadel of ancient city of Mycenae, Greece. Limestone relief. Mycenaean culture. c. 13th century B.C. In situ.
Image:    Orlovic.   
 {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 5-22.   Goddess with upraised arms    Figurine from Gazi, Crete. Terracotta. Post-palace period / early Greek Dark Age. c. 1300 - 1100 B.C. Heraklion Archaeological Museum. Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Image:   Zde.    {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 5-23.   Centaur from Lefkandi   Figurine from Euboea, Greece. Painted terracotta. Greek Dark Age period. c. 950 - 900 B.C. Archaeological Museum of Eretria. Eretria, Greece.
Image:   Jebulon.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-24.   Dipylon amphora   Attic amphora (tall, often two-handled jar for storage or ritual). Attributed to Dipylon Master workshop. Terracotta. Geometric period. c. 760 - 735 B.C. National Archaeological Museum. Athens, Greece.
Image:   inyucho. Flickr  MGA73.     {CC BY 2.0}
Fig. 5-24b.   Detail of Dipylon amphora
Image:   inyucho. Flickr MGA73.     {CC BY 2.0}
Fig. 5-25.   Hirschfeld krater   Attic krater (a large vessel used for diluting wine). Attributed to Hirschfeld Workshop. Terracotta. Geometric period. c. 750 - 735 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-26.   Bronze horse    Figurine from Greece. Solid cast bronze. Geometric period. c. 750 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-27.   Bronze man and centaur   Figurine from Olympia, Greece. Solid cast bronze. Geometric period. c. 750 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-28.   Odysseus Blinding Polyphemus    Detail of Eleusis neck-amphora. Painted clay. Early Archaic period. c. 675 - 650 B.C. Archaeological Museum of Eleusis. Eleusis, Greece. 
Image:   Napoleon Vier.    {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 5-29.   Odysseus Blinding Polyphemus      Fragment of krater. Painted clay. Early Archaic period. c. 650 B.C. Archaeological Museum of Argos. Argos, Greece.
Image:   Zde.    {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 5-30.   Panathenaic amphora    Detail of black-figure amphora. Attributed to the Euphiletos Painter. Black-figure terracotta. Archaic period. c. 530 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
​Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-31.   The Atalanta Lekythos    White-ground lekythos (a tall, narrow jug for storing oils, often used for funerals).  From Attica, Greece. Attributed to Douris. Late Archaic period. c. 500 - 490 B.C.
Cleveland Museum of Art. Cleveland, Ohio.

Image:   Daderot.    
{CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-32.    Perseus and Medusa      Detail of decorated pithos (large storage jar) from Thebes, Greece. Embossed and incised terracotta. Archaic period. c. 670 B.C. Louvre. Paris, France.
​Image:    Jastrow.    {CC PD-self}
Fig. 5-33.   Herakles and Nessos   Detail on neck of black-figure amphora from Attica, Greece. Attributed to the Nessos Painter. Painted and fired terracotta. Archaic period. c. 625 – 575 B.C.
National Archaeological Museum. Athens, Greece.

Image:    Marsyas.   
  {CC BY-SA 2.5}
Fig. 5-34.   Herakles and the Nemean Lion      Side A of black-figure amphora from Attica, Greece. Painted and fired terracotta. Archaic period. c. 540 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
​Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-35    Warrior playing the salpinx    Black-figure lekythos from Attica, Greece. Painted clay. Archaic period. Late 6th-early 5th century B.C. Regional Archaeological Museum Antonino Salinas. Palermo, Italy.
Image:   Jastrow. 
© Marie-Lan Nguyen / Wikimedia Commons.   {CC BY 2.5}
Fig. 5-36.   Horse race    Side A of black-figure Panathenaic prize amphora from Attica, Greece. Painted and fired terracotta. Attributed to the Leagros Group.  Archaic period. c. 510 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-37.   Chariot scene     Side B of black-figure amphora from Attica, Greece. Attributed to the Antimenes Painter. Painted and fired terracotta. Archaic period. c. 520 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.   {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-38.   Dionysos, satyr and maenad    Side A of black-figure neck-amphora from Attica, Greece. Painted and fired terracotta. Archaic period. c. 550 -540 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
​Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.   {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-39.   Terracotta funerary plaque   Black-figure plaque from Attica, Greece. Painted and fired terracotta. Archaic period. c. 520 - 510 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
​​Image credit:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-40.   Youth with sword   Side A of Attic red-figure neck-amphora from Nola, Italy. Painted and fired terracotta. Early Classical period. c. 480 B.C. Louvre. Paris, France. 
Image:   Jastrow.   {CC PD-self}
Fig. 5-41.   Maiden at basin    Tondo from interior of red-figure kylix from Attica, Greece. Attributed to Douris. Painted and fired terracotta. Late Archaic period. c. 500 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.   {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-42.   Lady of Auxerre     Statue from Crete, Greece. Carved and painted limestone. Archaic period. c. 640 -630 B.C. Louvre. Paris, France.
Image:   Jastrow. © Marie-Lan Nguyen / Wikimedia Commons.   {CC BY 2.5}
Fig. 5-43.   Kouros from Attica    Statue from Attica, Greece. Marble. Archaic period. c. 590 - 580 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-44.   Nen-kheft-ka and his Wife     Sculpture group from mastaba of Nen-kheft-ka, Dishashah, Lower Egypt. Carved and painted limestone. Dynasty 5. C. 2350 B.C. Walters Art Museum. Baltimore, Maryland.
Image:   The Walters Art Museum.   {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-45.   Kouros of Milos    Statue from Milos, Greece. Marble. Archaic period. c. 550 B.C. National Archaeological Museum. Athens, Greece.
Image:    Zde.   {CC BY-SA 3.0)
​Fig. 5-46.   Kouros of Tenea     Statue from ancient city of Tenea, Greece. Marble. Archaic period. c. 560 - 550 B.C. Glyptothek. Munich, Germany.
Image:   Zde.    {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 5-47.   Kroisos kouros   Statue from Anavyssos, Attica, Greece. Marble. Archaic period. c. 540 - 515 B.C. National Archaeological Museum. Athens, Greece.
Image:    Mountain.    {CC PD-self}
Fig. 5-48.   Piraeus Apollo   Statue from Piraeus, Greece. Cast bronze. Archaic period (or Hellenistic period copy). c. 530 - 520 B.C. Archaeological Museum of Piraeus. Piraeus, Greece.
​Image:    G.dallorto.     {CC PD-self}
Fig. 5-49.   Head of modern claw chisel
Image:    Satrughna.    {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 5-50.   Egyptian mason's chisel   Stone mason's chisel from tomb MMA 101, Deir el-Bahri, Upper Egypt. Hammered copper alloy. Dynasty 11. c. 20151 - 2000 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:    The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-51.   Illustration of an ancient Greek bronze-casting pit & furnace   Drawing of ancient casting pit and furnace, and mold fragments found at a foundry site at the Agora, Athens. Ancient Agora Museum. Athens, Greece.
Image:    Dorieo.    {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 5-52.   Aristodikos Kouros    Statue from Mesogeia, Greece. Marble. Archaic period. c. 510 - 500 B.C. National Archaeological Museum. Athens, Greece.
Image:    Marsyas.   {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 5-53.   Kritios Boy   Statue from Athenian acropolis, Greece. Attributed to Kritios and Nesiotes. Carved marble. Late Archaic period. c. 490 - 480 B.C. Acropolis Museum. Athens, Greece.
Image credit:   Marsyas.   {CC BY-SA 2.5}
​Fig. 5-54.   Illustration of contrapposto pose of the Kritios Boy
​Image:    Sandra J. Shaw Studio.

Fig. 5-55.   Herakles and Alcyoneus   Metope from Temple of Hera, ancient city of Paestum, Italy. Sandstone relief. Archaic period. c. 550 B.C. Paestum National Archaeological Museum. Paestum, Italy.
Image:    MiguelHermoso.   {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 5-56.   Gigantomachy    (Battle of the giants). Detail of north frieze of Siphnian Treasury, Delphi, Greece. Marble relief. Archaic period. c. 525 B.C. Delphi Archaeological Museum. Delphi, Greece.
Image:   Fingalo.    {CC BY-SA 2.0 DE}
Fig. 5-57.   Youths playing stick and ball   Attributed to the Endoios workshop. Relief on statue base NM 3477, built into the Themistoclean wall, Athens. Carved and painted marble relief. Late Archaic period. c. 510 -500 B.C. National Archaeological Museum. Athens, Greece.
Image:   Zde.     {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 5-58.   Wrestlers   Attributed to the Endoios workshop. Relief on statue base NM 3476, built into the Themistoclean wall, Athens. Carved and painted marble relief. Late Archaic period. c. 510 -500 B.C.
National Archaeological Museum. Athens, Greece.

Image:   Sharon Mollerus.   {CC BY 2.0}
Fig. 5-59.   Ball players   Attributed to the Endoios workshop. Relief on statue base NM 3476, built into the Themistoclean wall, Athens. Carved and painted marble relief. Late Archaic period. c. 510 -500 B.C.
National Archaeological Museum. Athens, Greece
.
Image:   
Mountain.   {CC PD-self}
Fig. 5-60.   Chalcadony scaraboid   Attributed to Epimenes. Intaglio relief. Chalcedony. Late Archaic period. c. 500 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-61.   Fallen giant   Sculpture from pediment, Old Temple of Athena, Athens. Marble. Archaic period. c. 525 - 500 B.C. Acropolis Museum. Athens, Greece.
Image:   Tetraktys.   {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 5-62.   Dying warrior   Pediment sculpture from west pediment, Temple of Aphaia, Aegina. Marble. Late Archaic / early Classical period. c. 500 - 490 B.C. Glyptothek. Munich, Germany.
Image:   Bibi Saint-Pol.    {CC PD-self}
Fig. 5-63.   Dying warrior   Sculpture from east pediment, Temple of Aphaia, Aegina, Greece. Marble.  Late Archaic period. c. 490 - 480 B.C. Glyptothek. Munich, Germany.
Image:   Daderot.   {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 5-64.   Berlin kore    Statue from Attica, Greece. Carved and painted marble. Archaic period. c. 570 560 B.C. Altes Museum. Berlin, Germany.
Image:   Gryffindor.    {CC PD-self}
Fig. 5-65.   Peplos kore   Statue from Attica, Greece. Carved and painted marble. Archaic period. c. 530 B.C. Acropolis Museum. Athens, Greece.
Image:   Marsyas.    {CC BY-SA 2.5}
Fig. 5-66.   Athens kore   Statue from Attica, Greece. Carved and painted marble. Late Archaic period. c. 500 - 490 B.C. Acropolis Museum. Athens, Greece.
Image:   Marsyas.    {CC BY-SA 2.5}
Fig. 5-67.   Propylaia kore   Statue fragment from Acropolis, Athens. Carved and painted marble. Late Archaic  / early Classical period. c. 480 B.C. Acropolis Museum. Athens, Greece.
Image:   Alison Frantz Photographic Collection, American School of Classical Studies at Athens.   {CC-PD-Mark 1.0}
Fig. 5-68.   Amazon archer   ​Pediment sculpture from Temple of Apollo 
Daphnephóros, Eretria, Greece. Carved and painted marble. Early Classical period. c. 480 B.C. Glyptothek. Munich, Germany.
Image:   Jona Lendering.  
 {CC0 1.0}

Links
Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Metropolitan Museum of Art:
     Greek Art in the Archaic Period

The Rise of Greek Civilization. Episode 5 of The Western Tradition with Eugen Weber (1989)



Banner:   The African. Minoan fresco. Akrotiri, Santorini, Greece.    Image:   Zde.   {CC BY-SA 3.0)
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