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EGYPTIAN ART​
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Footnote 8.   Statue of Queen Napirasu    From Susa (modern Iran). Headless statue. Cast bronze. c. 1300 B.C. Louvre, Paris.
                          Statue of Puzur-Ishtar   From Babylonia. Statue. Stone. c. 2100-2000 B.C. Istanbul Archaeology Museum. Istanbul, Turkey.
Fig. 4-1.    Purifying and Mourning the Dead   Facsimile of mural from tomb of Nebamun and Ipuky, Theban necropolis, Upper Egypt.  Dynasty 18. c. 1390-1349 B.C. Facsimile: Charles K. Wilkinson. Tempera on paper. c. 1930. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.

Image: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-2.    Seated Cat   Statuette. Cast leaded bronze. Egypt. Ptolemaic period. c 332 - 30 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-3.     Timeline of ancient civilizations   Showing Egyptian Kingdoms and Mesopotamian cultures.
Image:   Wikipedia.    {CC BY 3.0)
Fig. 4-4.     Map of extent of ancient Egyptian civilization (15th century B.C.)
Image:   Andrei nacu at English Wikipedia.    {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 4-5.     Map of ancient Egypt
​
Image:   Jeff Dahl.    {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 4-6.       Map of Predynastic period Egyptian and Mesopotamian trade routes
Image:   Natural Earth. naturalearthdata.com. GFDL. GNU Free Documentation License.    {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 4-7.   Mural from tomb T100 at Heirakonpolis    Facsimile of mural from tomb T100, Heirakonpolis, Upper Egypt. Predynastic period.  Naqada culture.  c. 3500 B.C. Original: Museum of Egyptian Antiquities. Cairo, Egypt. Facsimile: Quibell & Green. Watercolor on paper. c. 1900 - 1902.
Image:   Francesco Raffaele.    {CC BY-SA 3.0}
Fig. 4-7b.    Detail from T100 mural
Image:   Francesco Raffaele.    {CC BY-SA 3.0}
Fig. 4-8.    Gebel el-Arak Knife handle    Detail of end of Gebel el-Arak Knife from Abydos, Upper Egypt. Relief. Ivory. Predynastic period. c. 3300 - 3200 B.C. Louvre. Paris, France.
Image:   Rama.    {CC BY-SA 2.0 FR}

Fig. 4-9.  Grave votive   From Naqada, Upper Egypt. Bone with inlaid lapis lazuli. Predynastic period. Naqada I culture.  c. 4000 - 3500 B.C. British Museum. London, England.
​Image:   Jon Bodsworth. Egypt Archive.    {CC Copyrighted free use}
Fig. 4-10.  Statuette of a woman   From Naqada, Upper Egypt. Ivory. Predynastic period. Naqada culture. Musée d'archéologie méditerranéenne de Marseille. Marseille, France.
Image:   Rama.    {CC BY-SA 2.0 FR}
Fig. 4-11.  Carving of a pig    From Naqara, Upper Egypt. Stone. Predynastic period. Naqara I - II culture. c. 3900 - 3300 B.C. Museo archeologico nazionale di Firenze. Florence, Italy.
Image:   Sailko.    {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 4-12.   East Wall, tomb chapel of Raemkai   Fragment of mural from tomb chapel of Raemkai, Saqqara, Lower Egypt. Carved and painted limestone relief. Dynasty 5. c. 2446 - 2389 B.C.
Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.

Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-13.   Journey to Abydos   Facsimile of mural from tomb of Pairy, Theban necropolis, Upper Egypt. c. 1390-1352 B.C. In situ. Facsimile: Charles K. Wilkinson. Tempera on paper. 1930.
Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-14.   Interior of tomb of Mereruka   Inside mastaba, Saqqara, Lower Egypt. Carved and painted stone relief. Carved and painted stone statue.  Dynasty 6. c. 2300 B.C. In situ.
Image:   HoremWeb.    {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 4-15.   Guardian figure   From tomb of Imhotep, Lower Egypt. Wood. Dynasty 12. c. 1919 - 1885 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
​Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.   
 {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-16.   Female musicians   Facsimile of mural from tomb of Djeserkareseneb, Theban necropolis, Upper Egypt. Dynasty 20. c. 1400 - 1390 B.C. Facsimile: Charles K. Wilkinson. (1930)
Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York
.
​Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-17.   Craftsmen   Facsimile of mural from tomb of Nebamun and Ipuky, Theban necropolis, Upper Egypt. Dynasty 18. c. 1390 - 1349 B.C. Facsimile: Norman de Paris Davies. (1930) Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-18.   The Great Sphinx of Giza   Monumental sculpture. Giza Plateau, Lower Egypt. Limestone. Dynasty 4. c. 2558 - 2531 B.C. In situ.
​Image:   MusikAnimal.    {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 4-19.    The Colossi of Memnon   Colossal sculptures. Theban necropolis, Upper Egypt. Quartzite. Dynasty 18. c. 1350 B.C. In situ.
Image:    Ovedc.  
 {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 4-20.   The Avenue of the Sphinxes   Ram-headed and human-headed guardian figures. Processional Road, Luxor and Karnak, Upper Egypt. Sandstone. Dynasty 30. c. 380 - 363 B.C. In situ.
Image:   Abumalek ahmed mohamed.   
 {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 4-21.   Four Colossi of Ramses II    Colossal sculptures of enthroned Ramses II. The Great Temple, Abu Simbel, Upper Egypt. Sandstone. Dynasty 19. c. 1265 B.C. Relocated 1968. In situ.
Image:   
Oltau.    {CC BY 3.0}
Fig. 4-22.   Donation Stela of Shabaqo   Sunken relief. Limestone. Kushite culture. Dynasty 25.  c. 712 - 698 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-23.   Edfu Temple Relief   Sunken relief, Temple of Edfu, Upper Egypt. Sandstone. Ptolemaic period. c. 237 - 57 B.C. In situ.
Image:   
Karelj.    {CC PD-self}
Fig. 4-24.   Narmer Palette, Recto side  Ceremonial cosmetic palette from Hierakonpolis, Upper Egypt. Siltstone. Predynastic period. c. 3200 - 3000 B.C. Museum of Egyptian Antiquities. Cairo, Egypt.
​Image:   Daderot.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-25.   Hesy-Ra relief panel   Relief panel from Hesy-Ra mastaba, Saqqara, Lower Egypt. Wood. Dynasty 3. Early half of 2600s B.C. Museum of Egyptian Antiquities. Cairo, Egypt.
​Image:   GDK.    {CC PD-old-75} {PD-US}
Fig. 4-26.   Statue of Harnefer    From temple of Amun, Karnak, Upper Egypt. dDiorite. Ptolemaic period. Late 4th century B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. NewYork, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-27.   Ankhpakhered    From temple of Amun, Karnak, Upper Egypt. Diorite. Ptolemaic period. c. 380 - 300 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   
The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-28.   ​Judgement of Hunefer   Papyrus from the Book of the Dead. 1275 B.C. Thebes, Egypt. British Museum, London, England.
Image:    Jon Bodsworth.    (CC PD-Mark)
Fig. 4-29.   Block statue of Ankh-pekhred    Block statue from Karnak, Upper Egypt. Granodiorite. Late Period.  c. 380 - 340 B.C. Walters Art Museum. Baltimore, Maryland.
​Image:   The Walters Art Museum.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-30.   Statue of Idi       Statue from Abydos, Upper Egypt. Limestone. Dynasty 6. c. 2200 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-31.   Seated Hapshepsut     Statue from Deir el-Bahri and el-Asasif, Upper Egypt. Limeston with paint. Dynasty 18. c. 1479 - 1548 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-32.   Procession of gods      Wall relief fragment. From Gebelein, Upper Egypt. Limestone with paint. Late First Intermediate Period. c. 2145 - 2015 B.C. Walters Art Museum. Baltimore, Maryland.
​Image:   The Walters Art Museum.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-33.   Ibis-headed Thoth    Statue. Carved faience. New Kingdom.  Faience. c. 1570 - 1314 B.C. Museum of Egyptian Antiquities. Cairo, Egypt.
​Image:   Wellcome Images.   
 {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 4-34.   Studio of Auta      Modern "survey" on paper of mural from Amarna tomb of Huya, Amarna, Middle Egypt. Dynasty 18. Amarna Period. 14th century B.C. Drawing: Unknown collection.
Image:   Internet Archive.    {CC PD-old-expired} {PD-US}
Fig. 4-35.   Sculptors at work    Facsimile of detail of mural from tomb of Rekhmire (TT 100), Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, Upper Egypt. Dynasty 18. c. 1479 - 1425 B.C. Facsimile: Nina de Paris Davies. Tempera on paper. 1930.  Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-36.   Gridded sketch of Senenmut     Sketch on stone chip from below tomb of Senenmut (TT 71), Sheikh Abd el-Qurna, Upper Egypt. Black line with red grid on limestone. Dynasty 18. c. 1479 - 1458 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-37.   Unfinished mural   Unfinished mural in tomb of Horemheb (KV 57), Valley of the Kings, Upper Egypt. Black with red grid lines on stone. Dynasty 18. c. 1306 - 1292 B.C. In situ.
​Image:   
Jean-Pierre Dalbéra.    {CC BY 2.0}
Fig. 4-38.   Menkaure, Hathor & Diospolis Parva     Sculpture. From Lower Egypt. Greywacke. Dynasty 4.  c. 2490 - 2472 B.C. Museum of Egyptian Antiquities. Cairo, Egypt.
​Image:   
Chipdawes.    {CC PD-user)
Fig. 4-39.   Fragment of Face of Khafre     Fragment of sculpture. From Pyramid Complex of King Khafre, Giza, Lower Egypt. Alabaster. Dynasty 4. c. 2520 - 2494 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-40.   Ka statue   From tomb at Deir el-Bahri, Upper Egypt. Ebony with paint and plastered canvas. Dynasty 11. c. 2000 B.C. Gulbenkian Museum. Lisbon, Portugal.
​Image:   Shadowgate.    {CC BY 2.0}
Fig. 4-41.   Geese of Meidum   Facsimile of mural from tomb of Prince Nefermaat I, Meidum, Lower Egypt. Dynasty 4. c. 2575 - 2551 B.C. Museum of Egyptian Antiquities. Cairo, Egypt. Facsimile: Charles K. Wilkinson. Tempera on paper. c. 1920 - 1921. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York. 
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-42.   Prince Ankhhaf    Statue fragment. From tomb of Ankhhaf, Giza necropolis, Lower Egypt. Limestone with painted plaster. Dynasty 5. c. 2520 - 2949 B.C. Museum of Fine Arts Boston. Boston, Massachusetts.
Image:   Lthomas2.    {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 4-43.   Statue of Kaaper     Detail of ka statue from mastaba of Kaaper (Saqqara C8), Saqqara, Lower Egypt. Wood with inlaid rock crystal and copper eyes. Dynasty 5. c. 2650 - 2500 B.C. Museum of Egyptian Antiquities. Cairo, Egypt.
Image:   Djehouty.    {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 4-44.   Seated scribe   Statue from Saqqara, Lower Egypt. Limestone with paint and rock crystal inlaid eyes. Dynasty 4 or 5. c. 2600 - 2350 B.C. Louvre. Paris, France.
Image:   Rama.    {CC BY-SA 3.0 FR}
Fig. 4-45.   Birds in the Delta Marshes     Relief fragment from funerary temple, Saqqara, Lower Egypt. Limestone. Dynasty 5. c. 2513 - 2506 B.C. Museum of Egyptian Antiquities. Cairo, Egypt. 
Image:   Ovedc.    {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 4-46.   Portrait fragment of Senwosret III     Fragment of sculpture from Egypt. Red quartzite. Dynasty 12. c. 1878 - 1840 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-47.   Feeding the Oryxes     Detail of mural in tomb of Prince Khnumhotep III. Near Beni Hasan, Middle Egypt. Dynasty 12. c. 1880 B.C. In situ.
Image:    Anneke Bart, Bryan Clair.   https://mathstat.slu.edu/escher.
​Fig. 4-48.   Wrestlers   Mural from tomb 15 of Baqet III (BH 15), Beni Hasan, Middle Egypt. Dynasty 11. c. 21st - 20th century B.C. In situ.
Image:   Oltau.    {CC BY 3.0}
Fig. 4-49.   Amenhotep IV   Statue from temple of Amun, Karnak, Upper Egypt. Stone. c. 1356 - 1340 B.C. Museum of Egyptian Antiquities. Cairo, Egypt.
​Image:   Lander at Slovenian Wikipedia.     {CC BY 2.0}    
Fig. 4-50.   Small Aton Temple, Amarna     Remains of Small Aton Temple at Amarna, Middle Egypt. Amarna Period. c. 1346 B.C. In situ.
Image:   Oltau.    {CC BY 3.0}
Fig. 4-51.   Head of a Queen   Portrait head from Amarna, Middle Egypt. Quartzite with paint. Amarna Period.c. 1340 - 1335 B.C.  Neues Museum. Berlin, Germany.
Image:   Jean-Pierre Dalbéra.    {CC BY 2.0}
Fig. 4-52.   Amenhotep III   Studio of Thutmose at Amarna, Middle Egypt. Stone. Amarna Period. c. 1345 B.C. Neues Museum. Berlin, Germany.
Image:   Keith Schengili-Roberts.    {CC BY-SA 2.5}
Fig. 4-53.   Akhenaten plaster   Studio of Thutmose at Amarna, Middle Egypt. Painted plaster. Amarna Period. c. 1340 B.C. Neues Museum. Berlin, Germany.
Image:   Kingtut.    {CC PD-user} {PD-US}

Fig. 4-54.   Nefertiti kissing her daughter    Relief fragment from Amarna, Middle Egypt. Painted sunken relief. Limestone. Amarna Period. c. 1352 - 1336 B.C. Brooklyn Museum. Brooklyn, New York.
Image:   Kaldari.     {CC BY 2.5}
Fig. 4-55.   Akhenaten, Nefertiti and Princess   Statuette from Amarna, Middle Egypt. Limestone. Amarna Period. c. 1350 B.C. Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology. London, England.
Image:   Neuroforever. Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP (Glasg).    {CC BY-SA 4.0}​
Fig. 4-56.   Akhenaten and Family   House Altar relief panel from Amarna, Middle Egypt. Sunken 
relief. Limestone. Amarna Period. c. 1340 B.C. Neues Museum. Berlin, Germany.
​Image:   
Keith Schengili-Roberts.    {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 4-57.   Painted Pavement Fragment    Fragment from floor of palace of Amenhotep III, Malqata, Upper Egypt. Fresco secco on stucco. Dynasty 18. c. 1390 - 1353. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-58.   Marsh and wild ducks    Fragment of floor from South Palace, Amarna, Middle Egypt. Painted plaster. Amarna Period. Dynasty 18. c. 1353-1335 B.C. Museum of Egyptian Antiquities. Cairo, Egypt.
Image:    Ovedc.    {CC BY-SA 4.0}
Fig. 4-59.   Two Princesses   Facsimile of mural from the "King's House," Amarna, Middle Egypt. Amarna Period. c. 1345 - 1335 B.C. Facsimile: Nina de Garis Davies. Tempera on paper. 1930. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York. Original: Ashmolean Museum. Oxford, England.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-60.   Papyrus marsh with kingfisher   Facsimile of mural from "Green Room," north palace, Amarna, Middle Egypt. Amarna Period. c. 1353 - 1336 B.C. Facsimile: Nina de Garis Davies. Tempera on paper. 1930. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York. Original: Oriental Institute, University of Chicago. Chicago, Illinois.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-61.   Durham Servant Girl   ​
Drawing of statuette of female carrying jar. Statuette: undocumented origin. Boxwood, gold paint. Dynasty 18. c. 1410-1310 B.C. The Oriental Museum. University of Durham, England.
Image: Sandra J. Shaw Studio.

Durham Servant Girl displayed at The Oriental Institute,  University of Durham, England.
Fig. 4-62.   Cat Hunting Birds   Detail of mural from tomb of Nebamun, Theban necropolis, Upper Egypt. Fresco secco on plaster. Dynasty 18. c. 1350 B.C. British Museum. London, England.
Image:   
Fae.    {CC BY 2.0}
Fig. 4-63.   Gazelle   Sculpture from Egypt. Ivory on painted wood base. Dynasty 18. c. 1390 - 1353 B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York, New York.
Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art.    {CC0 1.0}
Fig. 4-64.   Musicians & Dancers   Detail of mural from tomb of Nebamun, Theban necropolis, Upper Egypt. Fresco secco on plaster. Dynasty 18. c. 1350 B.C. British Museum. London, England.
Image:   
Fae.    {CC BY 2.0}
Fig. 4-65.   Tutenkhamun's Gilded Shrine   Detail of replica of a shrine from tomb of Tutenkhamun, Valley of the Kings, Upper Egypt. Original: Gold sheet. Dynasty 18. c. 1332 - 1324 B.C. 
Museum of Egyptian Antiquities. Cairo, Egypt.

Image:   Carsten Frenzl.    {CC BY 2.0}
​Fig. 4-66.   Queen Cleopatra VII and Caesarion   Relief on Dendera (Hathor) Temple facade, Upper Egypt.  Sunken relief. Stone.  Late Ptolemaic period. 1st century B.C. In situ.
Image:   Bradipus.    {CC BY-SA 3.0)
Fig. 4-67.   Statue and Relief on Great Temple of Ramses II    At Abu Simbel, Nubia, Egypt. Sandstone. Dynasty 19. Completed c. 1265 B.C. Relocated 1968.  In situ.
​
Image:   Hedwig Storch.    {CC BY 3.0}
Fig. 4-68.   Statue of a Pharaoh   From Egypt. Diorite. Ptolemaic Period. c. 3rd -1st century B.C. Museo Nazionale Romano. Rome, Italy.
Image:   Ángel M. Felicísimo.    {CC BY 2.0}

Links
Ancient Egypt 101, National Geographic
The Ancient Egyptians. Episode 2 of The Western Tradition with Eugen Weber (1989)
The Art of Ancient Egypt: A Resource for Educators. Metropolitan Museum of Art
Digital Egypt, University College London
Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, Metropolitan Museum of Art:
     Egypt in the Old Kingdom
     Egypt in the Middle Kingdom
     Egypt in the New Kingdom


Banner:   Offering Procession, Tomb of Userhat. Facsimile.   Image:   The Metropolitan Museum of Art   {CC0 1.0}
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